how to know when to do cpr

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Indications

Recognizing Unresponsiveness and Absence of Breathing

CPR is initiated when a person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, or only gasping. Unresponsiveness is determined by gently shaking or tapping the person and calling their name loudly. Absence of normal breathing involves observing the chest for rise and fall. Gasping is irregular, infrequent breathing and is insufficient to provide adequate oxygen.

Assessing for Cardiac Arrest

While unresponsiveness and abnormal breathing are the primary triggers for CPR, confirming cardiac arrest may involve checking for a pulse. This is typically done by palpating the carotid artery in the neck. The absence of a palpable pulse, in conjunction with unresponsiveness and abnormal breathing, strongly indicates the need for CPR.

Specific Situations Requiring Immediate Intervention

  • Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA): This is a life-threatening condition where the heart suddenly stops beating effectively. SCA often presents with sudden collapse and unresponsiveness.
  • Drowning: Submersion in water can lead to respiratory and cardiac arrest, necessitating immediate CPR.
  • Trauma: Severe injuries can cause significant blood loss and compromise breathing and circulation, creating a need for CPR.
  • Suffocation: Lack of oxygen due to choking or other forms of suffocation can lead to cardiac arrest.
  • Drug Overdose: Certain drugs can depress respiratory function, potentially leading to unresponsiveness and cardiac arrest.

Calling Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

Initiating CPR should always be followed by immediately contacting EMS. Their expertise and advanced life support measures are crucial for survival. Effective CPR significantly increases the chances of survival while awaiting EMS arrival.

Limitations of CPR

It is essential to understand that CPR is a life-saving technique, but it does not guarantee survival. The outcome depends on various factors including the cause of arrest, the time elapsed since the arrest, and the effectiveness of CPR provided.