Umbilical Cord Stump Care in Neonates

Umbilical Cord Structure and Physiology

The umbilical cord, connecting the fetus to the placenta, contains blood vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients. After birth, the cord is clamped and severed, leaving a stump that naturally detaches within 1-3 weeks. The stump consists of dried umbilical cord tissue and blood vessels. Proper hygiene is crucial to prevent infection.

Hygiene and Cleaning Procedures

Maintaining a clean and dry environment around the umbilical cord stump is paramount. Avoid submerging the stump in water during bathing. Gentle cleansing of the surrounding skin can be achieved with plain water and a soft cloth. Avoid the use of harsh soaps, lotions, or alcohol-based solutions, as these may irritate the delicate skin. If any discharge is observed, it should be carefully wiped away with a clean cloth.

Signs of Infection

• Increased redness or swelling around the umbilical stump.
• Pus or foul-smelling discharge from the stump.
• Bleeding from the stump.
• Fever or irritability in the infant.

Any of these signs warrant immediate medical attention.

Umbilical Cord Stump Separation

The umbilical cord stump naturally dries and detaches within 10-21 days postpartum. Once the stump separates, the underlying skin may appear slightly moist, this is normal. No intervention is typically required. However, maintaining hygiene around the area is still important. The area should be kept clean and dry, and observed for any signs of infection.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Consult a healthcare professional if the umbilical cord stump exhibits any signs of infection, excessive bleeding, or fails to detach within a reasonable timeframe (beyond 3 weeks).