The Geography of New York State

New York, officially the State of New York, is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. Its location is strategically significant, bordering both Canada and the Atlantic Ocean.

Geographic Location and Boundaries

The state is situated between 40°30′ and 45°0′ North latitude and 71°50′ and 79°45′ West longitude. It shares borders with six other states: Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and shares a border with the Canadian province of Ontario. Its southern border is formed by the Atlantic Ocean.

Regional Divisions

New York State encompasses diverse geographical regions. These include the Adirondack Mountains in the north, the Appalachian Mountains in the south, the Allegheny Plateau in the southwest, and the extensive coastal plains in the east and southeast. The state also features the Great Lakes region in its western portion.

Major Geographic Features

• Adirondack Mountains: A significant mountain range containing the highest peak in the state, Mount Marcy.
• Catskill Mountains: A range known for its scenic beauty and recreational opportunities.
• Hudson River: A major river that flows southward through the state, historically significant for its role in trade and commerce.
• Niagara Falls: A powerful waterfall located on the border with Canada, a major tourist attraction.
• Long Island: A large island located off the southeastern coast, known for its beaches and suburbs.
• The Finger Lakes: A group of eleven long, narrow lakes in the central part of the state.

Climate

The state's climate varies considerably depending on elevation and proximity to large bodies of water. Northern areas experience colder winters and shorter growing seasons compared to the milder climate along the coast.

Political Subdivisions

New York is divided into 62 counties, each with its own local government. These counties are further subdivided into towns, cities, and villages.